Operators & Expressions

C operators include:

• Arithmetic: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%` (modulus).
• Relational: `==`, `!=`, `>`, `<`, `>=`, `<=`.
• Logical: `&&` (AND), `||` (OR), `!` (NOT) with short-circuit rules.

⚠️ Integer Division Trap: Just like Java, dividing two integers in C yields a truncated integer quotient. For instance, `7 / 2` evaluates to `3`. To retrieve the decimal value, use type-casting: `(double)7 / 2` yields `3.5`.

The increment operator (`++`) increases a variable's value by 1. Placement dictates execution order:

• Postfix (`x++`): Yields the original value of `x` in the expression, then increments `x`.
• Prefix (`++x`): Increments `x` first, then evaluates the expression.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int val = 5;
    
    // Division types
    printf("Integer division (5 / 2): %d\n", 5 / 2);
    printf("Cast division ((double)5 / 2): %.1lf\n", (double)5 / 2);

    // Prefix vs Postfix execution
    int postfix = val++; // postfix gets 5, val becomes 6
    printf("Postfix assignment: postfix=%d, val=%d\n", postfix, val);

    val = 5; // Reset
    int prefix = ++val; // val becomes 6, prefix gets 6
    printf("Prefix assignment: prefix=%d, val=%d\n", prefix, val);

    return 0;
}