OOP: Inheritance & Overriding

Inheritance uses the **extends** keyword. A subclass automatically inherits all public/protected methods and fields. To work with parent assets:

• `super()`: Invokes the parent class's constructor. This must be the very first line inside the subclass constructor.
• `super.method()`: Invokes a parent method that has been overridden in the child subclass.

**Method Overriding** occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method already defined in its parent class. Overridden methods must match the parent method name, return type, and parameters exactly. It is best practice to label them with the `@Override` annotation, which tells the compiler to check validation rules.

class Animal {
    String name;

    Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    void makeNoise() {
        System.out.println("Some general animal sound.");
    }
}

// Subclass inheriting from Animal
class Dog extends Animal {
    Dog(String name) {
        super(name); // Calling the superclass constructor
    }

    @Override
    void makeNoise() {
        System.out.println(name + " says: Woof! Woof!");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy");
        dog.makeNoise(); // Invokes child overridden method
    }
}